Python+matplotlib实现折线图的美化_python_

import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.ticker as ticker import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec 

file_id = '1yM_F93NY4QkxjlKL3GzdcCQEnBiA2ltB' url = f'https://drive.google.com/uc?id={file_id}' df = pd.read_csv(url, index_col=0) df 

home_df = df.copy() home_df = home_df.melt(id_vars = ["date", "home_team_name", "away_team_name"]) home_df["venue"] = "H" home_df.rename(columns = {"home_team_name":"team", "away_team_name":"opponent"}, inplace = True) home_df.replace({"variable":{"home_team_xG":"xG_for", "away_team_xG":"xG_ag"}}, inplace = True) 

away_df = df.copy() away_df = away_df.melt(id_vars = ["date", "away_team_name", "home_team_name"]) away_df["venue"] = "A" away_df.rename(columns = {"away_team_name":"team", "home_team_name":"opponent"}, inplace = True) away_df.replace({"variable":{"away_team_xG":"xG_for", "home_team_xG":"xG_ag"}}, inplace = True) 

df = pd.concat([home_df, away_df]).reset_index(drop = True) df 

# ---- Filter the data Y_for = df[(df["team"] == "Lazio") & (df["variable"] == "xG_for")]["value"].reset_index(drop = True) Y_ag = df[(df["team"] == "Lazio") & (df["variable"] == "xG_ag")]["value"].reset_index(drop = True) X_ = pd.Series(range(len(Y_for))) # ---- Compute rolling average Y_for = Y_for.rolling(window = 5, min_periods = 0).mean() # min_periods is for partial avg. Y_ag = Y_ag.rolling(window = 5, min_periods = 0).mean() 

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,3), dpi = 200) ax.plot(X_, Y_for) ax.plot(X_, Y_ag) 

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,3), dpi = 200) # --- Remove spines and add gridlines ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False) ax.grid(ls = "--", lw = 0.5, color = "#4E616C") # --- The data ax.plot(X_, Y_for, marker = "o") ax.plot(X_, Y_ag, marker = "o") 

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,3), dpi = 200) # --- Remove spines and add gridlines ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False) ax.grid(ls = "--", lw = 0.25, color = "#4E616C") # --- The data ax.plot(X_, Y_for, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) ax.plot(X_, Y_ag, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) # --- Adjust tickers and spine to match the style of our grid ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(2)) # ticker every 2 matchdays xticks_ = ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels([x - 1 for x in range(0, len(X_) + 3, 2)]) # This last line outputs # [-1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35] # and we mark the tickers every two positions. ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.spines["bottom"].set_edgecolor("#4E616C") 

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,3), dpi = 200) # --- Remove spines and add gridlines ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False) ax.grid(ls = "--", lw = 0.25, color = "#4E616C") # --- The data ax.plot(X_, Y_for, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) ax.plot(X_, Y_ag, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) # --- Fill between ax.fill_between(x = X_, y1 = Y_for, y2 = Y_ag, alpha = 0.5) # --- Adjust tickers and spine to match the style of our grid ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(2)) # ticker every 2 matchdays xticks_ = ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels([x - 1 for x in range(0, len(X_) + 3, 2)]) ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.spines["bottom"].set_edgecolor("#4E616C") 

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,3), dpi = 200) # --- Remove spines and add gridlines ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False) ax.grid(ls = "--", lw = 0.25, color = "#4E616C") # --- The data ax.plot(X_, Y_for, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) ax.plot(X_, Y_ag, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) # --- Fill between # Identify points where Y_for > Y_ag pos_for = (Y_for > Y_ag) ax.fill_between(x = X_[pos_for], y1 = Y_for[pos_for], y2 = Y_ag[pos_for], alpha = 0.5) pos_ag = (Y_for <= Y_ag) ax.fill_between(x = X_[pos_ag], y1 = Y_for[pos_ag], y2 = Y_ag[pos_ag], alpha = 0.5) # --- Adjust tickers and spine to match the style of our grid ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(2)) # ticker every 2 matchdays xticks_ = ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels([x - 1 for x in range(0, len(X_) + 3, 2)]) ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.spines["bottom"].set_edgecolor("#4E616C") 

X_aux = X_.copy() X_aux.index = X_aux.index * 10 # 9 aux points in between each match last_idx = X_aux.index[-1] + 1 X_aux = X_aux.reindex(range(last_idx)) X_aux = X_aux.interpolate() # --- Aux series for the xG created (Y_for) Y_for_aux = Y_for.copy() Y_for_aux.index = Y_for_aux.index * 10 last_idx = Y_for_aux.index[-1] + 1 Y_for_aux = Y_for_aux.reindex(range(last_idx)) Y_for_aux = Y_for_aux.interpolate() # --- Aux series for the xG conceded (Y_ag) Y_ag_aux = Y_ag.copy() Y_ag_aux.index = Y_ag_aux.index * 10 last_idx = Y_ag_aux.index[-1] + 1 Y_ag_aux = Y_ag_aux.reindex(range(last_idx)) Y_ag_aux = Y_ag_aux.interpolate() fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (7,3), dpi = 200) # --- Remove spines and add gridlines ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False) ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False) ax.grid(ls = "--", lw = 0.25, color = "#4E616C") # --- The data for_ = ax.plot(X_, Y_for, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) ag_ = ax.plot(X_, Y_ag, marker = "o", mfc = "white", ms = 5) # --- Fill between for index in range(len(X_aux) - 1): # Choose color based on which line's on top if Y_for_aux.iloc[index + 1] > Y_ag_aux.iloc[index + 1]: color = for_[0].get_color() else: color = ag_[0].get_color() # Fill between the current point and the next point in pur extended series. ax.fill_between([X_aux[index], X_aux[index+1]], [Y_for_aux.iloc[index], Y_for_aux.iloc[index+1]], [Y_ag_aux.iloc[index], Y_ag_aux.iloc[index+1]], color=color, zorder = 2, alpha = 0.2, ec = None) # --- Adjust tickers and spine to match the style of our grid ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(2)) # ticker every 2 matchdays xticks_ = ax.xaxis.set_ticklabels([x - 1 for x in range(0, len(X_) + 3, 2)]) ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(length = 2, color = "#4E616C", labelcolor = "#4E616C", labelsize = 6) ax.spines["bottom"].set_edgecolor("#4E616C") 

def plot_xG_rolling(team, ax, window = 5, co
                
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